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/ TIME: Almanac 1990 / 1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso / time / charts / science / science.3 < prev    next >
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  1. National Research & Development (R&D) Expenditures as a Percent of  Gross National Product, By Country:1972-1987 
  2.  
  3.             ________________________Total R&D_________________________
  4.             United                West              United     Soviet
  5. Year        States    France    Germany    Japan    Kingdom    Union(1)
  6.  
  7. 1972          2.3       1.9        2.2       1.9       2.1        3.7
  8. 1975          2.2       1.8        2.2       2.0       2.1        3.8
  9. 1979          2.2       1.8        2.4       2.1      (NA)        3.6
  10. 1980          2.3       1.8        2.4       2.2      (NA)        3.8
  11. 1981          2.4       2.0        2.5       2.3       2.4        3.8
  12. 1982          2.5       2.1        2.6       2.4      (NA)        3.7
  13. 1983          2.6       2.1        2.6       2.6       2.2        3.8
  14. 1984          2.6       2.2        2.6       2.6      (NA)        4.0
  15. 1985          2.7       2.3        2.8       2.8       2.3        3.7
  16. 1986          2.7       2.3        2.7       2.8       2.4        3.8
  17. 1987          2.6       2.3        2.8      (NA)      (NA)       (NA)
  18.     
  19.                ___________________Non-Defense R&D________________      
  20.                United                 West                United 
  21. Year           States     France     Germany     Japan    Kingdom
  22.  
  23. 1972            1.6         1.5         2.1        1.9       1.5
  24. 1975            1.6         1.5         2.1        2.0       1.5
  25. 1979            1.6         1.4         2.3        2.1      (NA)
  26. 1980            1.7         1.4         2.3        2.2      (NA)
  27. 1981            1.8         1.5         2.4        2.3       1.7
  28. 1982            1.8         1.6         2.5        2.4      (NA)
  29. 1983            1.8         1.7         2.5        2.5       1.6
  30. 1984            1.8         1.7         2.5        2.6      (NA)
  31. 1985            1.8         1.8         2.6        2.8       1.6
  32. 1986            1.8         1.8         2.6        2.8       1.8
  33. 1987            1.9         1.9         2.6       (NA)      (NA)
  34.  
  35. NA=Not available.
  36. 1. Estimated.
  37.  
  38. Source:U.S. National Science Foundation.
  39.